Cancer Plus

Background: The study of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in patients with lung cancer is very important to formulate treatment strategies. Objective: To explore the value of transcervical lymphadenectomy in the systematic diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods: Transcervical lymphadenectomy was used as part of the systematic diagnosis of lung cancer in Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech in Camagüey. The universe consisted of 346 patients and the sample was a simple random probability type, consisting of 65 patients. Results: It was mainly male, over 60 years old. The most common histological type is adenocarcinoma, and the upper lobe is the most affected. A total of 205 lymph nodes were resected, most of which were positive and histologically negative, mainly in lymph nodes less than 1 cm diagnosed by CT. Staging metastasis existed in clinicopathological correlation, and the sensitivity and specificity of the study sample were 100%. There are few complications. Conclusion: Transcervical lymphadenectomy is an effective method for the diagnosis of lung cancer and mediastinal lymph node metastasis.

Introduction: Effective and early diagnosis of bladder cancer is very important to achieve potential treatment and improve the survival rate of affected patients. Objectives: To describe the ultrasonographic and computerized tomography (CT) findings of bladder malignant tumors. Method: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2013 to December 2017 on 250 patients with bladder cancer who previously underwent ultrasound and CT examinations in the Imaging Department of Saturnino Lora Provincial clinical surgery teaching hospital in Santiago, Cuba. Result: In this series, men over the age of 60 were more commonly diagnosed with bladder cancer. Ultrasound examination showed that in addition to the characteristics of calcification, necrosis, adenosis and infiltration of adjacent structures were observed. Ultrasound examination also showed dominant sonographic structures and clear tumors larger than 3 cm and vascularized tumors. On CT, the mixed structure, space occupying tumor and ultrasonic features were almost identical between the two diagnostic methods. Conclusion: Compared with CT, the sonogram of bladder cancer is mixed and ultrasonic, which makes the diagnosis of the bladder cancer more feasible. However, the features and details displayed by CT were consistent with other imaging techniques.

Bladder cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies associated with high morbidity, high mortality, as well as inconvenient post-operative recurrence. Typical symptoms of bladder cancer include hematuria, frequent urination, nocturia, and dysuria. Most of the primary bladder tumors are non-muscle invasive, which do not grow in muscularis propria, and are often treated with surgery. Muscle-invasive tumors are more common in recurrent diseases, which have higher risk of metastasis. In addition, the treatments of these tumors have more serious side effects such as radical cystectomy with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The mechanisms of pathogenesis and metabolisms of bladder cancer are yet unclear. However, several genetic mutations and influences from external environment have been proven to be the risk factors for bladder cancer. Along with the developments in researches, the understanding about bladder cancer formation and treatment has been improved over the years. Further studies on medical detection through new technologies are beneficial to the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. This review aimed to provide a general view of some recent progresses of bladder cancer’s pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and developments on research methods.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a multigenic stromal disease with a high mortality rate. Gemcitabine is a widely prescribed drug for conventional chemotherapies. However, the usage of gemcitabine has been limited due to the resistance developed in tumor cells. Combining gemcitabine with other drugs such as platinum, celecoxib, erlotinib, and bevacizumab is found effective. However, these combination regimens were found to have toxic side effects and lead to poor survival due to activation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha and nuclear factor kappa-B. Transcription factors also play a crucial role in resistance and tumor recurrence. Therefore, researchers are now focused on investigating novel drugs to reduce tumor recurrence and metastasis without toxic side effects. The current review discussed the gemcitabine structure, metabolism and mechanism of action on PC growth, resistance, and signaling.

Sevoflurane is a widely used volatile anesthetic in clinical treatment. Recently, the effect of sevoflurane on tumor cell signaling pathways has attracted the attention of many researchers in the field. However, the underlying mechanism behind the effect of sevoflurane on tumor cell signaling pathways still remains unclear. Based on the evidence of in vitro experiments, this paper reviews the recent research results on the sevoflurane-mediated regulation on solid tumors and presents its potential molecular mechanisms that can provide references for clinical practices.

Since the researchers discovered ferroptosis in 2012, they have conducted in-depth research and exploration on the mechanism of ferroptosis and its role in tumor evolution. ferroptosis is a new type of death that is different from apoptosis and necrosis. It is mainly dependent on the cell death caused by the increase of iron and lipid oxygen in the cell and the imbalance of redox homeostasis. After the development of urinary tumors in the middle and late stage, most patients have poor surgical results. Chemotherapy is usually given after surgery. However, some tumor cells are currently resistant to chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, the occurrence of ferroptosis increases a new idea in the treatment of urinary tumors. The purpose of this review is to outline the knowledge of ferroptosis mechanisms and regulation, its role in the growth and proliferation of urinary tumor cells, and to provide new strategies for the treatment of urological tumor diseases.

We reported a clinical case of an 84-year-old smoker who was diagnosed with stage IV lung cancer and was included in the phase III clinical trial and treated with racotumomab. The patient had a an ECOG grade 0 according to the function scale. Therefore, it should be emphasized that this vaccine can improve the survival rate of patients with recurrent or advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

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